1) I have discussed documentations concepts in my introductory videos. Specific documentation depends upon the methodology of the implementation company.
2) Functional Specification more refers to the system setup. Business Processes is a general term for enterprise processes that are not software dependant.
3) I am sure you will get your answer from the introductory videos.
4) Format depends upon the methology being used.
5) Please google on "implementation methologies". Or you can study AIM (Oracle Corporation's methodology called Application Implementation Methology). This will take your fear out.